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Commercial real estate finance: flexible senior (accordion/hunting), stretched senior, mezzanine and preferred equity structures, with intercreditor dynamics and lender controls

Practice notes
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Flexible loan structures

In the wake of the financial crisis, mainstream bank lending pulled back, creating space for non-bank lenders (NBLs) such as insurers and real estate debt funds. Through 2012 and 2013, this gap allowed NBLs to consolidate their position and become established market participants. With confidence returning to the real estate investment market and banks re-entering from 2014, some NBLs, especially real estate debt funds, shifted up the risk spectrum away from the senior debt arena. This has produced a competitive environment for real estate debt across the capital stack. Banks, insurers and debt funds adopt different approaches, each targeting an optimum deal size, asset class and loan purpose. Four often-used flexible loan structures are:

  • flexible senior loans
  • stretched senior loans
  • mezzanine loans
  • preferred equity loans

Flexible senior loans

Banks are particularly active in this space alongside some insurers, although senior facilities have typically been provided at conservative loan-to-value, loan-to-gross development value and loan-to-cost ratios. Real estate debt funds also provide senior finance...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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