Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

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Key definition

risk definition

What does risk mean? In legal practice, risk describes the possibility that a reasonably foreseeable circumstance or event could adversely affect legal rights, regulatory compliance, business operations, or the security of systems and data. The term is widely used across legal contexts, with certain regimes articulating it expressly. Cybersecurity: In the EU NIS2 framework (as transposed in Ireland), risk means any reasonably identifiable circumstance or event having a potentially adverse effect on the security of network and information systems. In the UK, the Network and Information Systems Regulations 2018 adopt a comparable risk‑based approach to security and incident handling; while “risk” is not defined as...

Flood Risk and Development: NPPF Policy, FRAs/SFRAs, Sequential and Exception Tests, Authorities’ Roles and Reform (England)

Published by a LexisNexis Environment expert

Practice notes

Introduction to flood risk

The UK carries a legacy of building in places vulnerable to flooding from rivers, surface run-off and groundwater. Ongoing expansion into rural and low-lying districts has resulted in around six million homes and properties being at risk of inundation today. This stems in particular from exposure to riverine, coastal and surface-water sources and supports a policy focus on risk-led spatial planning. Assessing flood risk is essential as property, legal and financial markets grow more sensitive to flood exposure and the rising costs of flood damage over time. Because flood risk management is now central to all new schemes and to property conveyancing, a variety of products and assessments are widely available in the market place offering differing scope and depth—see Practice Notes: Flood insurance and Flooding—flood searches.

History of planning policy on flood risk

Planning Policy Guidance 25: Development and Flood Risk (PPG 25), issued in 2001 and now withdrawn, represented the first significant statutory guidance on development and flood risk. The guidance then sought to:

ensure flood risk is properly considered at every stage of the planning process
prevent development in locations at risk, and
steer growth towards areas of low risk through a series...

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Michael Bowes

6 Pump Court

Dr Michael Bowes has extensive experience in law including: Infrastructure, Energy, Planning, Environmental, Commercial and Competition. In addition, he has considerable experience in Water Law and is recognised as an industry expert. He provides advice to the top level of those in Law and Industry.He currently works at 6 Pump Court Chambers as a barrister. Michael joined Chambers from a long and successful career in private practice. He qualified as a solicitor in 2007. During the previous decade, he worked with Eversheds Sutherland LLP and BCLP LLP as a senior regulatory specialist. He led teams in Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects to include Development Consent Orders and Transport Works Act Orders. Previous to this, he worked as a lawyer with international organisations (The United Nations, The Council of Europe) and private organisations (fund management, private enterprise, private practice). He has also taught...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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