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United Kingdom
Key definition
State aid definition

What does State aid mean? In practice, state aid refers to public financial support that selectively benefits businesses and risks distorting competition or trade. Under EU law (Articles 107-109 TFEU and case law), it covers advantages granted through state resources that favour certain undertakings or goods and affect trade between Member States. Typical measures include grants, loans, guarantees, tax reliefs, equity injections and land or services below market value. Unless covered by the General Block Exemption Regulation or de minimis rules, aid must be notified to and approved by the European Commission; unlawful aid can be recovered with interest. In Great Britain, the EU state aid...

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EU General Court State aid—closed appeals and related actions tracker (2015–2026)

Practice notes
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The following records completed General Court appeals concerning State aid (Articles 107–109 TFEU) since 1 June 2015. For live General Court appeals, see General Court State aid appeals—ongoing cases tracker. For details of live appeals before the Court of Justice involving State aid, see Court of Justice State aid appeals—ongoing cases tracker.

2026

Case Issues Developments

Case T‑261/25 LM v Commission

Partial challenge to the Commission decision in SA.44944—Tax treatment of public casinos in Germany and SA.53552—Alleged guarantee for public casinos in Germany (Wirtschaftlichkeitsgarantie). See Application.

  • Order—29/01/2026; action dismissed as inadmissible
  • Lodged—17/04/2025
  • Appeal lodged before the Court of Justice in Case C‑306/26 P
Case T‑201/25 Poland v Commission

Appeal against the Commission decision in SA.107930—Poland ‘Gdańsk Transport Company S.A.’—new aid in the context of the concession contract for the A1 motorway. See Application.

  • Order—26/01/2026; action dismissed as inadmissible
  • Lodged—27/03/2025

2025

Case Issues Developments

Case T‑458/22 Ryanair v Commission

Appeal against the Commission decision in State aid cases: SA.60165—Restructuring aid to TAP SGPS; SA.63402—COVID‑19 compensation to TAP SA II. See Application.

  • Judgment given—10/12/2025; action dismissed
  • Hearing held—05/06/2025
  • Lodged—21/07/2022
...
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Web page updated on 26/05/2026

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