Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Rules definition

What does Rules mean? Rules describes the written provisions that govern how a pension scheme operates—especially occupational pension schemes—usually contained in, or annexed to, the trust deed (trust deed and rules). Legislation refers to these as scheme rules (for example, Pensions Act 1995 and Pensions Act 2004 in the UK, and the Pensions Act 1990 in Ireland). Scheme rules set out eligibility, benefit structure (defined benefit or defined contribution), contributions, service and accrual, retirement options and ages, revaluation/indexation, ill‑health and death benefits, transfers in and out, leaver provisions, forfeiture, augmentation, priority on winding‑up, discretions and decision‑making, and the scheme’s amendment and termination powers. They also...

Costs under CPR Part 44 post-Jackson (England and Wales): discretion, proportionality, QOCS, DBAs, guideline rates, orders, interest, and standard/indemnity assessment; includes pre-2013 position [Archived]

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Practice notes

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note is retained solely for historical reference and should not be treated as current guidance herein.

cpr provisions

The rules dealing with general costs continue to sit within CPR 44. The Part has been reorganised and reordered to make it simpler and more intuitive to navigate through. The principal changes affecting Part 44 are as follows:

Re-numbering—the CPR Committee has taken the opportunity to re-number the rules so they follow a single continuous sequence, removing any need for suffix letters to differentiate provisions such as CPR 44.3A
New provisions—there are several wholly new rules, together with material moved in from other Parts:
- the court’s discretion as to costs is set out at CPR 44.2; Rules 44.3A and 44.3B are now obsolete, and CPR 44.3C has been transferred to CPR 46.7
- the basis of assessment at CPR 44.3 now contains additional provisions on proportionality
- the amount of costs payable under a contract is now found at CPR 44.5; this was previously housed within Part 48
- qualified one-way costs shifting (QOCS), comprising entirely new provisions in Section II of Part 44
- damages-based agreements (DBAs)...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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