Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

GEO definition

What does GEO mean? In satellite and telecoms contracts, licensing and regulatory filings, GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) refers to satellites operating in the geostationary-satellite orbit approximately 35,786 km above the equator, matching Earth’s rotation so the satellite appears fixed over one longitude. The term is descriptive rather than defined in UK or Irish statute, though the ITU Radio Regulations define the geostationary-satellite orbit (GSO); GEO/GSO are used interchangeably in practice. Key legal features include allocation and coordination of orbital slots and radio spectrum, ITU filings, and national authorisations. In the UK (England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland), Ofcom manages spectrum/licensing interfaces, and space...

Georgia Merger Control 2025: Recent Developments, Thresholds, Control (incl. Minority Shareholdings), Full-Function JVs, Foreign-to-Foreign, Turnover Calculation, Procedure, Standstill, Penalties, Remedies, and Sector Regulator Coordination

Published by a LexisNexis Competition expert

Practice notes

NOTE—to check whether the notification thresholds in Georgia and across the world are satisfied, see Where to Notify.

1. Have there been any recent developments regarding the regime and are any updates/developments expected in the coming year? Are there any other ‘hot’ merger control issues in Georgia?

Merger control in Georgia is set out in the law of Georgia on Competition (Competition Act). In 2025, the Georgian merger control regime saw several changes, chiefly via amendments to Decree No. 39 of the Head of the Competition Agency on the Notification of Concentrations (Decree 39). The key updates are:

Article 3(1) of Decree 39 now sets out, with greater precision, the criteria for when a concentration must be notified to the Competition Agency; critically, the substantive notification thresholds are unchanged, with the intent being to clarify and streamline the drafting rather than to alter notification duties
The methodology for computing combined turnover has been clarified in Article 4(3)(b); specifically:
- the earlier reference to ‘controlled or controlling undertakings’ has been replaced by a broader concept of ‘economic agents’ that are directly or indirectly controlled by, or controlling, the...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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