Jurisdiction(s):
European Union

Key definition

Monopoly definition

What does Monopoly mean? In legal practice, monopoly describes a market in which a single undertaking faces little effective competitive constraint and can act to a significant extent independently of customers, competitors or consumers. The term is descriptive rather than defined in UK or Irish legislation: modern competition law targets dominance and its abuse, not “monopolies” per se. Across England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, the Competition Act 1998 (Chapter II) and the Enterprise Act 2002 are applied by the CMA (and sector regulators). In Ireland, Section 5 of the Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2014 (aligned with EU law) prohibits abuse of a...

European Commission under EU Law: Legal Basis, Composition, Appointment, Accountability and Key Powers (Initiative, Budget, Infringements, Delegated and Implementing Acts, International Agreements)

Published by a LexisNexis EU Law expert

Practice notes

This Practice Note summarises the European Commission, its structure and competences. As the EU body holding the right of initiative, it alone presents draft legislation and exercises significant executive Authority in fields such as competition and external trade. Acting as the Union’s primary executive authority, it administers the EU budget and consists of the College of Commissioners from the Member States. The Commission oversees the application of Union law and adherence to the Treaties by the Member States; it also negotiates international agreements on the EU’s behalf.

Legal basis

Articles 17 and 18 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU); Articles 234, 244 to 250, 290 and 291 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU); and the Treaty Establishing a Single Council and a Single Commission of the European Communities (‘Merger Treaty’).

Composition and legal status

Composition

The Treaty of Lisbon provides that, from 1 November 2014, the Commission’s membership should correspond to two-thirds of the number of Member States. In 2013, the European Council determined that the Commission would continue to comprise a number of members equal to the number of Member States...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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