Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Enforcement definition

What does Enforcement mean? Enforcement is the practical process of making a court order, judgment, decree or arbitral award take effect when the party bound has not complied by the deadline. It involves applying for, and using, court-sanctioned measures to secure compliance or recover sums due, including where permission is required. The term is descriptive rather than a single statutory definition; the available remedies depend on the jurisdiction and the nature of the order. England and Wales: governed mainly by CPR Parts 70–73, including writ/warrant of control, third party debt orders, charging orders (and orders for sale), attachment of earnings, possession and delivery up, appointment...

2019 Hague Judgments Convention: recognition and enforcement of foreign civil or commercial judgments—scope, jurisdictional bases, refusal grounds, procedure, declarations and interaction with other instruments

Published by a LexisNexis Dispute Resolution expert

Practice notes

This Practice Note examines the Convention of 2 July 2019 on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters (the ). The convention establishes a framework for enforcing international civil or commercial judgments. The Note outlines the convention’s background, its status, and the date on which it took effect. It then sets out the convention’s scope (Articles 1–3), together with the pathways for recognising judgments (Articles 4–7). It next addresses interpretation and application, including procedure and Costs (Articles 8–15), and concludes with the general clauses on declarations, the convention’s operation in non-unified systems, and its relationship with other international instruments. For the text of this convention and other documents...

Definitions

applicant—a party applying for recognition or enforcement under the convention
Hague Choice of Court Convention—HCCH Convention of 30 June 2005 on Choice of Court Agreements
Contracting States—a State which has consented to be bound by the convention, whether or not the convention has entered into force for that State
—HCCH Convention of 2 July 2019 on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters...

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Cara North

Corrs Chambers Westgarth

Cara has over a decade’s worth of experience acting for clients on large and complex multi-jurisdictional disputes, specialising in domestic and international commercial litigation, arbitration and investor-state dispute resolution. Her expertise includes arbitrating under the rules of various arbitral institutions and acting for clients in complex and high profile litigation in the UK, the US, Guernsey, the Cayman Islands, Hong Kong and Malaysia, primarily in the areas of construction projects, large corporate collapses and fraud. Cara also has specific expertise in private international law, having worked as a consultant for the Hague Conference on Private International Law for five years and, prior to that, as a legal officer to the Hague Conference. Cara has practiced in specialist disputes firms in London and Geneva, working on several international investment and commercial arbitrations under the UNCITRAL Rules, the Swiss Rules for...

Derek Bayley

A&O Shearman

Derek is an Associate in the dispute resolution team at Allen & Overy in Dubai. He is a dual qualified Australian / English solicitor. Derek is the former Peter Nygh Intern at the Hague Conference on Private International Law. ...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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