Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Plant and machinery definition

What does Plant and machinery mean? In legal practice, plant and machinery describes the equipment, apparatus and machines a business uses to carry on its trade, as distinct from the land or buildings in which it operates. The expression is used across multiple contexts and, for specific purposes, is informed by legislation and case law. For tax, what counts as plant and machinery determines entitlement to capital allowances (UK: Capital Allowances Act 2001; Ireland: Taxes Consolidation Act 1997), including treatment of fixtures and integral features. For non-domestic rating/valuation, regulatory lists identify which plant and machinery is rateable (with separate regulations in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern...

UK income tax: plant and machinery capital allowances—qualifying expenditure, pooling, AIA/FYAs, WDAs, disposals, claims and time limits, disclaimers, and loss relief (including Finance Bill 2026 changes)

Published by a LexisNexis Tax expert

Practice notes

FORTHCOMING CHANGES:

At Budget 2025, the government signalled measures to be legislated via Finance Bill 2026:

Cutting the main pool writing-down allowance on Plant and machinery from 18% to 14%, effective 1 April 2026 for corporation tax and 6 April 2026 for income tax. This affects both companies and unincorporated businesses with main rate pools, including spend not eligible for—or incurred before—first-year allowances such as the super-deduction and full expensing.
Introducing a new 40% first-year allowance for qualifying main rate expenditure incurred from 1 January 2026, with fewer restrictions than other FYAs. It is expected to be most valuable where costs do not qualify for the £1m annual investment allowance or existing FYAs (e.g. full expensing). Open to all businesses, it covers assets used for leasing (excluding overseas leasing) but excludes cars and second-hand assets.
Extending by one year the 100% green first-year allowances for qualifying spend on zero-emission cars and electric vehicle charging points, to 31 March 2027 for corporation tax and 5 April 2027 for income tax.

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Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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