Determining export price in anti-dumping investigations: actual and constructed prices, fair comparisons at ex-factory level, and association-related unreliability under the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement
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Practice notes
This Practice Note sets out practical guidance for establishing the export price in anti-dumping investigations. It explains how to apply the actual export price as well as a constructed export price where appropriate, too.
Introduction
The World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) Agreement on the Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (the Anti-dumping Agreement) provides that a product is dumped when the export price is lower than the normal value. Accordingly, in the ordinary course of trade, the export price must be below the normal value. It is therefore essential that both the normal value and the export price of the specific product (the like product) are identified to assess whether dumping has in fact occurred. In practice, investigating authorities typically determine the normal value of the like product first. Indeed, Article 2 of the Anti-dumping Agreement addresses the establishment of the normal value before turning to the calculation of the export price. For further guidance on dumping, the Anti-dumping Agreement and the concept of the like product, see Practice Note: An introduction to anti-dumping duties. For assistance on working out the normal value, see Practice Note: How to determine the normal value. Article 2...
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Web page updated on 21/05/2026
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