Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Personal data definition

What does Personal data mean? In data protection practice, personal data is any information that identifies, or could identify, a living person. The term is defined in the UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 (UK), and in Ireland by the EU GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 (Ireland), and is used consistently across the UK and Ireland. A person can be identified directly (for example, by name or an ID number) or indirectly, using data that, alone or with other information reasonably likely to be used by the controller or another person, singles them out (such as location data, online identifiers, or factors...

UK GDPR International Transfers: Adequacy, IDTA/SCCs, BCRs, TRAs vs TIAs, Derogations, and the US Data Privacy Framework (UK Extension): A Practical Guide for Private Sector Counsel

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Practice notes

STOP PRESS

This document is currently being revised to incorporate the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (DUAA 2025), which amends the UK GDPR and the data protection Act 2018. For further guidance on the compliance implications of DUAA 2025, see Practice Note: Data (Use and Access) Act 2025—compliance implications.

This Practice Note is aimed at in-house lawyers and privacy and compliance specialists within private sector commercial organisations in the UK. It sets out how to manage cross-border transfers of personal data and outlines the legal and practical difficulties organisations encounter with international data flows. It aligns with ICO guidance on international transfers, including guidance on transfer risk assessments (TRAs). It is not intended for public sector organisations. It also reflects the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR) and the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) materials on international transfers, including ICO guidance on Transfer risk assessments. It additionally signposts key EU guidance on transfer impact assessments (TIAs), the EU counterpart to a transfer risk assessment.

See also Practice Note: How to complete a transfer risk assessment—international data transfer—ICO methodology.
See also Practice Note: How to complete a transfer impact...

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Web page updated on 27/05/2026

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