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United Kingdom
Key definition
IP completion day definition

What does IP completion day mean? The point in time marking the end of the Brexit implementation (transition) period for UK legal purposes. In practice, it is the trigger date used in UK statutes, statutory instruments and contracts to determine when EU law stopped applying and when UK amendments took effect. It is defined in legislation: section 39 of the European Union (withdrawal agreement) Act 2020 fixes “IP completion day” as 11.00 p.m. on 31 December 2020 (UK time). Key legal effects include: establishing the snapshot for “retained EU law” under the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018; altering the supremacy and direct effect of EU law as...

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Reviewing B2B commercial contracts for UK VAT: practical checklist on supplies, place/time of supply, pricing, reverse charge, use and enjoyment, imports, composite supplies, invoices and VAT grouping

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Practice notes
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This Practice Note outlines a practical method for properly assessing a business-to-business commercial contract (for example, an Intellectual property licence arrangement) in relation to UK VAT purposes...

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Caroline Brown
Caroline Brown , CTA

I joined Bird & Bird as a trainee and qualified in 2005. I am a member of the Chartered Institute of Taxation and a contributor to VAT chapters of various publications, including the Franchise Law Review, Practical Law Digital Business Global Guide (UK), and Internet Law and Regulation, 5th Edition (Graham Smith).As an associate in Bird & Bird's international VAT Group, I have particular strength on advising on complex, international VAT and implementation issues for our sector clients notably in the technology,  e-commerce, energy, aviation and retail sectors, in an extremely wide range of transactions and projects, as well as providing transactional and advisory support for corporate M&A transactions. I have in-depth experience of advising on complex VAT issues and identifying related customs-related issues in connection with cross border distribution supply chains involving digitised services, high value assets, high volume goods,...

Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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