Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Investments definition

What does Investments mean? In practice, investments are financial products or rights acquired with the expectation of income or capital growth, such as shares, bonds, fund units and derivatives. In UK financial services law, however, the regulated concept is “specified investments” under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001 (SI 2001/544) (RAO). This defined list includes, among others, shares, debentures and loan stock, government and public securities, warrants, units in a collective investment scheme, options and futures, contracts for differences, and rights under a contract of insurance. Whether a firm must be authorised, may communicate financial promotions, or owes particular...

Hungary FDI screening: guide to the 2018 and 2025 Acts covering scope, thresholds, notification, review timelines, penalties, merger control interaction, and recent developments including state pre-emption for solar

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Practice notes

1. What is the applicable legislation?

The rules governing oversight of foreign direct investment in Hungary derive from Act LVII of 2018 on the Supervision of Foreign Investments Violating the National Security Interests of Hungary (the 2018 Act) together with its implementing measure, Government Decree 246/2018 (XII.17) (the 2018 Governmental Decree), which has applied since 1 January 2019. In addition, Hungary applies FDI control pursuant to Act L of 2025, which elevates the emergency decrees adopted in response to the armed conflict in Ukraine to the rank of an act (the 2025 Act). This FDI framework was first introduced as a temporary shield for Hungarian undertakings during the COVID-19 period and was set out in a series of government decrees; it nevertheless continues to apply, presently through to 31 December 2026, and is now governed by the 2025 Act. At the moment, the two FDI regimes run in parallel in Hungary. A single transaction can be caught by both the 2018 Act and the 2025 Act, triggering two distinct FDI review processes and requiring two separate ministerial acknowledgements, which in practice amount to approval.

2. Which government or other body (or bodies) reviews...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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