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United Kingdom
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Dispute resolution definition What does Dispute resolution mean? Dispute resolution describes the processes used by lawyers and clients to resolve legal disagreements—by agreement, determination or adjudication—inside or outside court. It is a descriptive, cross‑practice term rather than a single statutory definition; particular mechanisms are set by procedure and sector legislation. In pensions practice, disputes between members, employers and trustees are commonly handled through internal dispute resolution procedures (IDRP/IDR), ombudsman schemes, alternative dispute resolution (mediation or arbitration), and litigation. In the UK, The Pensions Ombudsman (TPO) offers an Early Resolution Service and formal determinations; TPAS’s dispute‑handling functions have transferred to TPO, with general guidance now provided by...
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ICDR International Arbitration Rules 2021: Evidence, Document Production, Witnesses, Experts, Privilege and Tribunal Powers
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LexisNexis Arbitration expert
Practice notes
This Practice Note reviews evidential issues under the International Centre for Dispute resolution (ICDR) International Dispute Resolution Procedures (Including Mediation and Arbitration rules) (the International Rules), as revised with effect from 1 March 2021. It covers mediation and arbitration within those procedures in detail. For an overview of the International Rules, covering initiation of ICDR arbitrations and replies to claims, consult Practice Note: ICDR (2021)—introduction to the institution—commencing arbitration and responding to arbitration. For commentary on arbitrations conducted under earlier versions of the International Rules, see: ICDR arbitration—overview. For material on the American Arbitration Association® (AAA), refer to: AAA arbitration—overview.
Powers of the tribunal in relation to evidence
The tribunal’s core obligation is to secure equal treatment of the parties, safeguard each side’s right to be heard, and provide a fair chance to present its case (ICDR, art 22(1)).
To that end, in relation to information exchange, the tribunal may direct the parties to furnish documents, exhibits, or any other evidence it considers necessary or suitable (ICDR, art 22(5)).
Exchange of information (including document production)
The 2021 International Rules set out clear, detailed provisions on exchanging information in arbitration. The emphasis of these provisions is on the tribunal’s management of...
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Web page updated on 21/05/2026
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