Jurisdiction(s):
European Union

EU IoT regulatory landscape: data protection, privacy, cybersecurity and liability—GDPR, ePrivacy, NIS2, Data Act, DGA, Cyber Resilience Act, AI Act, e‑Evidence and revised Product Liability

Published by a LexisNexis EU Law expert

Practice notes

This Practice Note addresses the EU data protection and privacy ramifications of the internet of things (IoT) and the information it generates. It considers the following principal areas:

What is the internet of things?
Data protection
Key themes identified for concern
Article 29 Working Party opinion on recent developments regarding the internet of things
Cookies and equivalent tools
Practical actions concerning data protection
Cybersecurity
EU Data Governance Act and EU Data Act
Revised EU Product Liability Directive
EU AI Act
e-Evidence Regulation

For fuller insight into core commercial issues linked to the IoT, see Practice Note: Internet of Things (IoT)—key legal issues in the EU. Specific matters relating to automated vehicles are outside the scope of this Practice Note; for details, see Practice Note: Automated vehicles—data, privacy and cybersecurity issues in the EU. For material on the data protection and privacy aspects of the IoT in the UK, see Practice Note: Internet of things (IoT)—data protection, privacy and security.

What is the internet of things?

The expression ‘IoT’ has no settled legal definition, but is commonly...

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Professor Guido Noto La Diega , PhD FHEA Avv

University of Strathclyde

Guido Noto La Diega (they/he) is Professor of Law, Technology and Innovation at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, where they lead the LLM/MSc Law, Technology and Innovation, as well as the namesake research cluster. Prior to this post, Professor Noto La Diega held the Chair in Intellectual Property and Technology Law at the University of Stirling and previously worked at Northumbria University, Queen Mary University of London, Buckinghamshire New University, and the University of Glasgow. Noto La Diega served as a visiting professor in the US (University of Connecticut), Italy (Università degli Studi di Trento, Università degli Studi di Macerata), Russia (Novosibirsk State University) and Brazil (Universidade Estacio de Sa). After being called to the Bar (Italy, non-practising) and having completed a PhD in Private Law at the Università degli Studi di Palermo under Professor Luca Nivarra, which included a semester spent at the Max...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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