Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Minor definition

What does Minor mean? In legal practice, “minor” describes a person who has not reached the age of majority and so lacks full legal capacity in some contexts. In England and Wales and in Northern Ireland, majority is 18 (Family Law Reform Act 1969; Age of Majority Act (Northern Ireland) 1969), broadly aligning with the statutory “child” (under 18). Minors cannot conduct civil proceedings without a litigation friend (or equivalent) and are generally not bound by contracts other than for necessaries and beneficial contracts of service (see Minors’ Contracts Act 1987). In Ireland, the Age of Majority Act 1985 sets 18, with similar contractual...

Food Safety and Hygiene (England) Regulations 2013: execution of assimilated EU food law, enforcement powers, offences, due diligence defence, and key regulated activities

Published by a LexisNexis Corporate Crime expert

Practice notes

What are the Food Safety and Hygiene (England) Regulations 2013

Known as FSH(E)R 2013 and cited as SI 2013/2996, these regulations apply only in England and took effect on 31 December 2013. All action to enforce food safety and food hygiene is undertaken under these provisions. The Food Standard Agency (FSA) works alongside local authorities and Port Health Authorities when issues arise or breaches of the rules are suspected. Their overall effectiveness is also reviewed using general feedback provided by industry and by enforcement authorities on a continuing general basis...

To view the latest version of this document and thousands of others like it, sign-in with LexisNexis or register for a free trial.

Richard Heller

Drystone Chambers

Richard is a specialist practitioner with considerable experience across the spectrum of regulatory crime with an emphasis on trading standards and food safety. His headline practice areas also include health and safety, fraud, planning enforcement and confiscation. He acts for a number of regulators and defends both individuals and businesses. He has appeared in leading authorities concerning intellectual property crime (R v Brayford [2011] 1 Cr. App. R. (S.) 107), abuse of process and costs (Focus (DIY) v Hillingdon Council [2008] All ER (D) 117), listed building offences (R v Rance [2013] Crim. L.R. 74) and planning enforcement (R v Kohali [2016] 1 Cr. App. R. (S.) 30). He has acted in some of the most serious cases concerning outbreaks of food-poisoning (three involving fatalities) and in two of the largest prosecutions taken by trading standards services in England, in addition to many other major...

Hannah Edwards

25 Bedford Row

Hannah is a tenant at 25 Bedford Row specialising in criminal defence and professional discipline. She is a highly sought after junior with specialist experience in defending across the spectrum of regulatory crime. Hannah is able to quickly assimilate complex information particularly in paper-heavy cases and identify the key issues in the case. She is both forensic in her attention to detail and meticulous in her preparation. As a result, Hannah is sought after in high-profile criminal cases involving complex legal issues and substantial disclosure. Prior to coming to the Bar, Hannah worked at a top city firm specialising in serious fraud and asset recovery. Hannah gained exposure to cases where civil claims ran parallel to criminal prosecutions and often acted for defendants who were subject to worldwide freezing injunctions. Hannah is also experienced in defending high-profile prosecutions by the Solicitors Regulation Authority and other...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

Popular documents

Using the Judicial College Guidelines to assess general damages in personal injury claims

When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...

Tomlin orders in England and Wales: CPR guidance on drafting, confidentiality, approval, variation, enforcement, limitation, CCA issues, court-specific requirements, sample wording and precedents

This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...

Precedent: Deed of Surrender of Lease with Optional Premium, Settlement and Release, Landlord, Mortgagee and Guarantor Consents, Reimbursement and HM Land Registry Provisions (England and Wales)

Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...

Precedent Statutory Declaration: Standard Wording under the Statutory Declarations Act 1835

I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...