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European Union

EU medicinal products regulation: legal framework, regulatory bodies, authorisation routes, data/market exclusivity, clinical trials, pharmacovigilance, advertising, pricing, ATMPs, biosimilars, orphan and paediatric regimes, including 2023–2025 reforms

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Practice notes
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EU legal framework governing medicinal products

A sophisticated network of requirements and guidance, developed at EU level and by EU Member States, shapes oversight of medicinal products, covering:

  • clinical evaluation (ie clinical trials)
  • market entry (ie marketing authorisation (MA) and the regulatory procedure for approving medicinal products and variations to existing MAs)
  • protection of pre-clinical and clinical data generated to obtain an MA (ie regulatory data protection)
  • manufacture and importation
  • labelling and the package leaflet
  • advertising and promotion
  • wholesale distribution and brokering
  • pharmacovigilance
  • pricing and reimbursement
  • falsified medicines
  • medicines for rare diseases (ie orphan medicinal products (OMPs))
  • paediatric medicines
  • advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs)
  • unlicensed medicines and off-label use of authorised medicines

EU legal framework

Law in these areas has expanded quickly at EU level, driving greater harmonisation across many fields. Nevertheless, Member State rules and guidance remain vital to the overall regime, and there are significant differences between EU countries in how they implement and enforce the rules. The principal laws and regulations governing medicinal products are:

  • Directive 2001/83/EC...
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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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