Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Civil Procedure Rules definition

What does Civil Procedure Rules mean? The Civil Procedure rules (CPR) are the procedural code for almost all civil litigation in the County Court, High Court and Court of Appeal (Civil Division) in England and Wales, governing case management, timetables, service, statements of case, disclosure, evidence, costs and appeals. Made by the Civil Procedure Rule Committee under the Civil Procedure Act 1997, the CPR have legal force and are supplemented by practice Directions and pre-action protocols. Core features include the overriding objective (Part 1) and case management powers and sanctions (Part 3, including relief from sanctions). For costs, the CPR (notably Parts 44–47) and...

Environmental judicial review under the Aarhus Convention: Jackson 2013 CPR reforms on costs protection, PCOs, interim injunctions and Pre-Action Protocol (England and Wales)

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Practice notes

ARCHIVED: This Practice Note outlines revisions to the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) introduced by the Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2013, SI 2013/262, concerning environmental Judicial review under the Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (the Aarhus Convention). These amendments, commonly referred to as the Jackson Reforms, took effect on 1 April 2013. It sets out the updated approach to Costs, the accompanying practice directions, and the new Pre-action Protocol for Judicial Review (JR).

New rules on costs and new practice directions

The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2013, SI 2013/262, commenced on 1 April 2013. They introduced wide-ranging procedural changes, including new provisions for protective costs orders (PCOs) in Aarhus-related environmental judicial review claims, see News Analysis: The Aarhus Convention after Jackson. Further measures address interim injunctions and Aarhus claims, contained in the new CPR PD 25A.5.1B...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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