Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

JCT Bills of Quantities (2024): Measurement (NRM2), Contractual Status, Pricing and OHP, Variations, Provisional Sums, Risk Allocation and Dispute Avoidance

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Practice notes

This Practice Note explains the roles performed by bills of quantities (‘BoQs’) under the JCT forms of contract, the matters parties ought to weigh up and the contents of BoQs, alongside some hands-on pointers. It concentrates on the 2024 editions of the JCT forms, while noting that comparable provisions appear in earlier versions. The JCT describes Contract Bills (eg in clause 1.1 and the Second Recital, JCT Standard Building Contract With Quantities 2024) as ‘the fully priced bills of quantities referred to in the Second Recital’. In broader terms, BoQs are schedules setting out units, quantities, rates and totals for items of work, materials, components and labour, itemised in line with an industry‑recognised standard method of measurement. Typically prepared by the Employer’s consultant, they are derived from the drawings and specifications issued at tender. They accompany the tender so that all contractors can price on an identical basis and ensure comparability of pricing across bidders. The distinction between the JCT notion of Contract Bills and BoQs is that JCT is pointing to the completed, returned BoQs that underpin the Contract Price, as opposed to the unpriced BoQs circulated at tender...

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Rhiann Storey , BA BSc LLM FRICS FCIArb MAE

HKA

Rhiann Storey is a French-speaking chartered quantity surveyor with sixteen years’ experience across a variety of clients, markets and projects. Her dual qualifications give her a solid base from which to provide a range of services to clients, with a focus on dispute resolution services, for both live and completed projects.As a practising member of the Academy of Experts (TAE), she has been instructed as quantum expert on a number of occasions and provided quantum and entitlement assessments for claims and independent expert reports used in adjudication, mediation, arbitration and litigation proceedings. Rhiann has also had several adjudication decisions published.She has project experience both for contractors and clients spanning multiple sectors including healthcare, education, oil and gas, mining, power, industrial, defence, retail, residential, sports and recreation, entertainment, and heritage. ...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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