Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Executive definition

What does Executive mean? In local government practice, “Executive” refers to the political leadership that takes day-to-day decisions on council services, typically senior councillors holding portfolio responsibilities. In England (and many Welsh authorities) it is a statutory body under the Local Government Act 2000: either a leader and cabinet or an elected mayor and cabinet. It exercises “executive functions”, with decisions (including key decisions) subject to publication, transparency rules and overview and scrutiny (including call-in), while full council sets the budget and policy framework. In Wales, executives are similarly provided for under the 2000 Act and Welsh regulations, though councils may instead operate a committee...

The Judiciary of England and Wales: structure, independence, integrity, recusal, open justice, appointments, discipline, and the roles of the Lord Chancellor and Lord Chief Justice

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Practice notes

The judicial branch

The judicial branch of government in England and Wales acts independently from the executive and legislature, and remains institutionally distinct, and comprises the Senior Courts: the Court of Appeal, the High Court and the Crown Court. County Courts and the magistrates’ courts form another tier of the judiciary. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (CRA 2005) made provision for a Supreme Court to serve as the UK’s ultimate court of appeal. The UK Supreme Court came into being in October 2009, supplanting the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords as the nation’s highest court. It stands apart from the Courts of England and Wales, as it also functions as the Supreme Court for Scotland and for Northern Ireland. Judges and magistrates are appointed by, and derive their authority from, the Crown. They must, however, exercise that authority lawfully, adhering to established and articulated procedures. Accordingly, the proper operation of the judiciary depends upon independence, neutrality and freedom from political or other influence, whether direct or indirect, when interpreting the law and resolving disputes at every level and in every forum. For further detail on the separation of powers, see Practice Note: Separation of powers: legislative, executive and judiciary...

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Adam Cygan

University of Leicester

Professor Adam Cygan is Professor of European Union Law at the University of Leicester. His research focuses on institutional and constitutional governance within the Internal Market with a particular emphasis upon the legislative process. Professor Cygan has published extensively on the role of national parliaments in EU decision-making and his research challenges core assumptions within EU integration concerning the constitutional principles of accountability and democracy. In particular, his research has examined the contribution made by parliamentary committees to improving accountability within EU governance. Professor Cygan also has also published extensively on governance issues surrounding the operation of the Internal Market including access to healthcare and free movement of persons. Professor Cygan has significant experience of delivering elite-level consultancy and training to a variety of target groups including members of the judiciary, civil servants, policy makers and legislators. He has worked on a...

Darragh Connell

Darragh deals with all aspects of commercial law with specific emphasis upon domestic and international contractual disputes, insolvency, civil fraud as well as crypto asset recovery. He has a busy commercial litigation practice regularly appearing in the High Court. Prior to joining the Bar, Darragh worked as an analyst with Goldman Sachs in London. He holds a First Class Honours law degree from University College Dublin and he was the Swift MacNeill Scholar at the Honorable Society of the Kings Inns in 2008. Darragh also holds a Masters in Commercial Law from the University of Cambridge (Gonville and Caius College)....

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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