Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

EC definition

What does EC mean? In legal practice, “EC” is used as shorthand for two distinct concepts: 1. European Commission: The executive arm of the European Union. While “EC” is not a defined statutory term, the Commission is established by the EU Treaties. UK and Irish lawyers encounter “EC” in EU law and competition law materials, case citations, merger control decisions, and references to pre‑Lisbon instruments titled “Regulation (EC) No …”. Post‑Brexit, the term persists in retained EU law, parallel UK/EU investigations, and cross‑border regulatory matters. 2. Emergency controller: A role title found in emergency planning and health and safety practice (for example, COMAH sites, construction...

Marine species protection: legal framework, post‑Brexit changes, and licensing and assessment in England and Wales

Published by a LexisNexis Environment expert

Practice notes

in England and Wales

Nature conservation in England and Wales is underpinned by a blend of international, European and national instruments, which comprise:

Convention on Biological diversity 1992 (CBD)
Convention for the Protection of the Marine environment of the North-East Atlantic 1992 (OSPAR Convention)
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS)
Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (Habitats Directive) and Birds Directive 2009/147/EC (Birds Directive), see Habitats and Birds Directives below
Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, SI 2017/1012 (the Habitats Regulations 2017)
Conservation of Offshore Marine Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, SI 2017/1013 (the Offshore Regulations 2017)
Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (WCA 1981)
Species specific legislation
Environment Act 2021 (EA 2021)

This framework mirrors provisions that establish the marine protected areas network across England and Wales. For further detail, see Practice Note: Marine protected areas. The international strand of the UK’s conservation regime is particularly influential. In September 2023, the UK Government restated its commitment to international nature conservation through a package of measures targeting biodiversity loss and marine protection...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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