Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

EA definition

What does EA mean? In legal practice, EA is commonly used as the abbreviation for the environment agency, the environmental regulator for England. The abbreviation itself is not defined in legislation; statutes and regulations refer to “the Environment Agency”. EA is frequently cited in contracts, planning applications, environmental due diligence, regulatory correspondence and litigation. In England, the EA issues, varies and enforces environmental permits under the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2016, regulates waste and industrial installations, water quality and water resources (including abstraction and discharge), manages flood risk and main rivers, serves enforcement notices, accepts enforcement undertakings and prosecutes pollution and...

Waste, By-product or End-of-Waste: Legal Indicators, Case Law and Guidance

Published by a LexisNexis Environment expert

Practice notes

Waste indicators guidance

The EA has issued guidance ‘Check if your material is waste’, which assists in judging whether a material is waste, a ‘by-product’, or attains ‘end of waste’ status. As we move towards a more circular economy, waste indicators have evolved to support resource efficiency and productivity. For more on the circular economy, see Practice Note: Circular Economy and Resource Efficiency.

Positive waste indicators

Production residues

‘Production residues’ are substances not intentionally generated during extraction, production or manufacturing. They are usually regarded as waste unless they meet the tests for ‘by-products’, which are not treated as waste. See Practice Note: Meaning of waste—products and by-products.

In Commission v Italy, three separate enforcement proceedings were brought against Italy for failing to fulfil its obligations under Directive 75/442/EEC (as amended), and were heard by the same court on the same day. Each matter addressed different issues, although the core principles were considered together...

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Leslie Heasman

MJCA

Leslie is an environmental chemist who has worked in waste management for more than 30 years. After graduating with a B.Sc. in Environmental Chemistry from the University of Edinburgh she started work undertaking research at AERE Harwell into the fundamental behaviour of wastes and the outputs of the research fed into key government guidance documents. Since 1986 she has been providing technical advice on environmental issues with MJCA where she now is the Managing Director and Principal Environmental Chemist. Leslie has particular interest and expertise in the assessment and control of chemical contaminants in the aquatic, atmospheric and soil environments. She has wide experience in waste management, mineral extraction, contaminated land and general environmental management together with particular skills in risk assessment where understanding the fate and transport of contaminants in the environment is critical. The technical aspects of managing waste routinely need to be...

Anna Willetts

gunnercooke LLP

Anna is an environmental criminal lawyer, specialising in defence work in the waste and recycling industry. She is dual-qualified, having completed a PhD in geochemistry and worked as an environmental consultant for 5 years before qualifying as a lawyer. Anna represents waste and recycling businesses and directors who are prosecuted by the regulators (Environment Agency and local authorities) for environmental and waste offences. She is a Past President of the Chartered Institution of Wastes Management and a Trustee of the Board. She is also Co-Convenor of UKELA’s Waste Working Party....

Samantha Riggs

25 Bedford Row

Samantha is a criminal defence barrister and chartered waste and resources manager specializing in defending companies and individuals in environmental, financial and regulatory matters. She is recognized by the legal directories as a leading junior in the area of financial crime and known for her attention to detail. She is experienced in POCA and restraint proceedings. Over the past six years she has concentrated more on environmental law and is in constant high demand due to her specialist knowledge. Recommended in Legal 500 as “the leading – and best junior – in the area of [environmental law] with a deep technical understanding of the waste industry”. Also recommended in Chambers & Partners – “Clients value her practical and commercial advice as well as her fearless defence skills” and was shortlisted for Environmental and Planning Junior of the Year 2020. Samantha has...

Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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