Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Multiplier definition

What does Multiplier mean? In damages assessment, the multiplier is the number of years applied to the annual loss (the multiplicand) to project and discount future losses to present value. It is used to quantify future loss of earnings, pension, care and other recurring heads in personal injury, clinical negligence and fatal accident/dependency claims. The multiplier reflects the likely duration of the loss, adjusted for mortality, retirement or care need horizons, contingencies (such as employment breaks) and the applicable discount rate. This is a descriptive, case law-based concept used across the UK and Ireland. In England and Wales and in Scotland, courts ordinarily...

Calculating future losses in personal injury: multipliers, multiplicands, Ogden Tables and the 0.5% discount rate (England and Wales)

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Practice notes

NOTE :

On 2 December 2024, the Lord Chancellor confirmed a formal move to a positive 0.5% discount rate, which comes into effect from 11 January 2025. Schedule A1 to the Damages Act 1996 (DA 1996) stipulates that later reviews must occur within five years of the conclusion of the previous review, meaning the next review must start on or before 2 December 2029.

This Practice Note sets out the standard method for translating ongoing losses into a single lump sum by applying a multiplier to the annual loss assessed at the point of settlement or a court award. This is the multiplier/multiplicand method and it is widely used in the great majority of claims for future losses. The Practice Note also looks in more depth at how the multiplicand is derived and explains how the ogden tables are used to identify the appropriate multiplier to apply in a typical case.

NOTE : The 8th edition of the Ogden Tables (updated in August 2022) can be accessed here. See also Practice Note: The Ogden tables...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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