Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Brexit definition

What does Brexit mean? Brexit is the practical shorthand in legal drafting and advice for the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union and the legal, regulatory and trading changes flowing from it. It covers the UK’s cessation of EU membership on exit day (31 January 2020) and the cessation of the EEA Agreement’s application, the end of the implementation/transition period on IP completion day (31 December 2020), and the commencement, expiry or variation of post‑withdrawal trading and regulatory arrangements, including the UK‑EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the Windsor Framework (amending the Northern Ireland Protocol), and UK agreements with third countries...

Nanotechnology and nanomaterials regulation in the UK and EU: REACH nanoforms, 2022 definition, sectoral regimes, and post-Brexit divergence under the Windsor Framework

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Practice notes

Nanotechnology—opportunities and risks

Nanotechnology deals with the fabrication and application of matter at ultra-small scales. Nanomaterials are quantified in nanometres (nm) and can be many thousands of times thinner than a human hair; a single hair measures around 80,000 to 100,000 nm across. At these dimensions, substances display properties that diverge from those of the same material in bulk form, enabling novel uses while potentially introducing distinct hazards.

Current adopters span key fields and wider industries:

Biomedicine, electronics and energy
Cosmetics, defence, automotive and agriculture

Applications range from high-volume commodities, for example carbon black in car tyres, through to specialised, low-volume technologies. Cosmetics commonly incorporate nano titanium dioxide and zinc oxide to deliver functions such as UV filtering, while gold and silver nanoparticles feature in medical diagnostic tools. A 2023 report put the global nanotechnology market at US$69.15bn in 2022, projecting expansion to US$248.56bn by 2030. The European Commission regards micro/nano—electronics and photonics as a Key Enabling Technology that should be nurtured to support growth and competitiveness...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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