EU open internet and net neutrality: Regulation 2015/2120, EECC context, BEREC guidelines, CJEU zero‑rating rulings, traffic management, transparency and enforcement
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Practice notes
Net neutrality
This Practice Note sets out how the concept that internet use should be free from any kind of discrimination—often called ‘net neutrality’—has been embedded in EU law and implemented through legislation. It covers the relevant provisions of Regulation (EU) 2015/2120 (widely referred to as Roaming IV, or the Open Internet Regulation) that give effect to net neutrality. It also looks at the way those rules apply to familiar practices such as blocking, throttling, and the offering of zero-rating/zero-tariff plans and contracts. The phrase ‘net neutrality’ denotes a principle under which use of the internet is kept free of discrimination, thereby ensuring equal opportunities of access to any user. Coined in 2003 by Tim Wu, a media law academic at Columbia University, the term sits within a wider set of principles concerned with freedom to use the internet. It forms part of the broader notion of the ‘open internet’, the view that the internet’s full resources, and the tools needed to operate on it, should be readily available and easily accessible to all individuals, companies and organisations...
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Web page updated on 27/05/2026
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