Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

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Key definition

Earnings definition

What does Earnings mean? In corporate and finance practice, earnings means the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders for a reporting period. It is the company’s profit after tax, after finance costs (including interest paid to bondholders) and after any preference dividends. Earnings are commonly shown on a per‑share basis as earnings per share (EPS): profit attributable to ordinary shareholders divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the period. Example: £2 million earnings and 10 million shares gives EPS of 20p. Earnings is a descriptive accounting and market term, not a statutory one. For listed companies in the...

Quantifying damages for pain, suffering and loss of amenity: JCG, Simmons v Castle and Heil v Rankin uplifts, multiple injuries, inflation, and the PI & Clinical Negligence Quantum Database

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Practice notes

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Basis for valuing the loss

How can an injury be expressed as a sum of money? There is no set formula that can price the loss of an arm or the ability to smell. Damages for pain, suffering and loss of amenity (PSLA) are granted for physical and/or psychiatric harm and cover the past, present and future. A single overall figure is awarded, but it can be viewed in two elements:

pain and suffering — the claimant’s subjective experience of pain and distress
loss of amenity — the diminished capacity to carry out everyday activities

A claimant is compensated for the consequences of the injury, including being unable to enjoy a full life. The level of PSLA is assessed by reference to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG) and comparable cases. If a claimant has sustained multiple injuries, the court may set out a breakdown of the PSLA to show the amount attributed to each injury, or to explain any reduction applied to account for overlap between the pain, suffering and loss of amenity arising from the different injuries (for more information, see: ‘Multiple injuries’ below)...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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