Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Investors definition

What does Investors mean? In private equity practice, investors are the persons or entities that commit capital to a fund in return for economic returns and contractual rights under the fund documents. In the UK and Ireland, private equity funds are commonly structured as English or Scottish limited partnerships or the Irish ILP; investors typically participate as limited partners (LPs). Investors are mainly institutional: occupational pension schemes, insurance companies, sovereign wealth funds, funds of funds, and university or charitable endowments. High‑net‑worth individuals and family offices also invest, often via feeder, nominee or aggregator vehicles. Some may make co‑investments alongside the fund. The term...

Pakistan foreign investment, merger control and takeovers: framework, thresholds, filings, exemptions and recent reforms (SIFC, Investment Policy 2023, digital banks, CPEC Phase Two)

Published by a LexisNexis Competition expert

Practice notes

1. What is the applicable legislation?

Pakistan is a federation in which certain subjects are devolved to the provinces, while others remain under the legislative competence of the federal government. Following the 18th Amendment to the Constitution of 1973, the Federal Legislative List identifies the subjects on which the federation is competent to legislate, with other matters legislated by the provinces.

The scope of this Q&A is limited to the overall investment regime applicable to foreign investors, with a primary focus on federal legislation. Sectoral and provincial laws may apply in addition to those referenced below, and it is pivotal to obtain professional advice tailored to the nature of the investment being made.

Pakistan’s investment policy framework is generally open to foreign investment and, subject to sector‑specific prohibitions/restrictions and licensing requirements, foreign investments do not generally undergo pre‑screening and approval merely because they are foreign. The main laws are as follows:

Foreign Exchange Regulation Act 1947 (FERA): regulates payments and dealings in foreign exchange and securities...

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Web page updated on 29/05/2026

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