Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Performance definition

What does Performance mean? In copyright practice, performance means the live rendition of a literary, dramatic or musical work to an audience; doing so “in public” is a restricted act that normally requires the copyright owner’s permission/licence. This is set out in section 19 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (UK) and the Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000 (Ireland). Whether an act is “in public” is determined by context and case law; private or domestic use is excluded. For films and sound recordings, the analogous restricted act is showing or playing in public; online streaming is generally treated as communication or...

Security and risk mitigation in UK renewable energy projects: bonds, parent company guarantees, direct agreements, collateral warranties and offtake arrangements

Published by a LexisNexis Construction expert

Practice notes

Background

The EU introduced a directive setting a 20% renewable energy supply goal by 2020, and the UK set an equivalent 20% renewable output objective for the same date. These measures, together with later climate change commitments adopted by the UK and other states (for more detail, see Practice Note: Climate change—emissions targets, carbon budgets and net zero), have created a rising worldwide demand for capital in the renewables sector. In the current era of budget reductions, the government is unlikely to commit substantial additional funding or uplift tariffs. At the same time, banks have sharply curtailed the provision of affordable debt. Consequently, fresh approaches are needed to preserve and expand investment in the renewable energy market alongside traditional bank finance. See Practice Note: Introduction to UK energy projects for construction lawyers. Banks have been compelled to reassess their renewables portfolios and, in some cases, to pursue refinancing so that lending can continue. As a result, the profile of renewable or ‘eco-bonds’ and other alternative financing structures is growing, although all such instruments depend on projects being de-risked to the greatest extent feasible. This practice note explores a number of the available avenues in this area...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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