Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Personal injury definition

What does Personal injury mean? Personal injury describes harm to a person’s body or mind, as opposed to damage to property or pure economic loss. In practice it underpins civil claims in tort/delict, including negligence, occupiers’ liability, employers’ liability, product liability, road traffic accidents and clinical negligence. Across England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland, legislation (notably limitation statutes and, in Ireland, Personal Injuries Assessment Board legislation) commonly defines personal injuries to include disease and any impairment of a person’s physical or mental condition. Recognised heads therefore cover physical injury, industrial disease and psychiatric injury. Fatal injury claims are related but procedurally distinct. Key legal features...

Tattoo injury litigation: negligence, premises licensing, under-18 offences, Consumer Rights Act duties, consent, expert evidence and removal risks

Published by a LexisNexis PI & Clinical Negligence expert

Practice notes

A tattoo is a permanent body mark made by piercing the skin and placing coloured ink beneath the surface. Slim, ink-charged needles pass through the outer epidermis into the deeper dermis, which contains blood vessels, hair follicles, glands, nerves and lymph vessels. This injury sparks inflammation, and the immune system swiftly sends macrophages, a form of white blood cell, to support healing. Tattoos are therefore long-lasting, though, like a scar, they may fade with time. Macrophages engulf dye particles to aid the repair process; some travel to the lymph nodes, while others remain within the dermis. The remaining colour is taken up by fibroblast skin cells and, together with the macrophages, this keeps the tattoo in place.

Tattoo machine

Modern hand-held tattoo machines, sometimes called ‘tattoo guns’, use electromagnetic coils to drive an armature bar up and down. Attached to this bar is a grouped set of needles that delivers the ink into the skin...

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Jacqueline Swain

St John's Buildings

Jacqueline joined St Johns Buildings Chambers in 2016 having enjoyed a successful practice for a period of 13 years at Harrington Street chambers in Liverpool. Her practice is focussed predominantly on personal injury, clinical and cosmetic negligence and costs. Jacqueline is an experienced advocate and her time is split between the court room, advising in conference and at Joint Settlement Meetings. She has been an approved pupil supervisor since 2013. Jacqueline is now a trained mediator. Jacqueline specialises in all areas of personal injury litigation. She acts for both claimants and defendants in multi-track cases and fast track cases. Areas of expertise include serious and also fatal road traffic accidents, employer's liability, public liability, occupier's liability, product liability. Her clients in defence work are usually insurance companies, local authorities and public transport companies. She has particular expertise in accident cases involving burns and...

Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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