Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Shares definition

What does Shares mean? In company law practice, a share is a unit of a member’s interest in a company, carrying the rights and obligations attached to its class (for example, voting, dividends and return of capital on a winding up). The Companies Act 2006 simply states that a share is a share in a company’s share capital; the Irish Companies Act 2014 adopts a broadly equivalent approach. Usage and effect are consistent across England & Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Ireland. A company’s share capital comprises the number of shares it allots and issues to investors on or after incorporation. Those...

UK Phantom Share Awards, Phantom Options and Share Appreciation Rights (SARs): Legal, Tax, Accounting, Valuation, Regulatory and Implementation Considerations

Published by a LexisNexis Share Incentives expert

Practice notes

What is a phantom award?

In essence, phantom awards fall into two main types: phantom share awards and phantom options.

Phantom share awards

A phantom share award gives the holder a right to a cash sum mirroring the value of an actual share. These arrangements are also known as ‘shadow Shares’, ‘synthetic shares’, or ‘Equity appreciation units’; for simplicity, this note calls them ‘phantoms’ and ‘phantom share awards’.

Phantom options

A phantom option typically entitles the holder to the increase in the value of a real share above a notional exercise or base price.

Practical example

BigCo Limited is a rapidly expanding private UK company seeking to launch an incentive plan that allows all employees to participate and share in any future growth of the business. Its investor base, however, is reluctant to issue actual shares to employees, as that would dilute the current investor shareholders. By granting phantom awards to its workforce, BigCo Limited can provide employees with a right to a cash amount equal to the difference between the value of BigCo Limited shares. In this way, employees participate in the company’s growth without new shares being issued, and existing investor shareholders avoid dilution of their current holdings...

To view the latest version of this document and thousands of others like it, sign-in with LexisNexis or register for a free trial.

Stephen Diosi

Mishcon de Reya

Stephen leads the Employee Incentives team at Mishcon de Reya. He has significant experience advising on the strategy, design, implementation and compliance of UK and global employee incentive arrangements, including long term incentive plans, all-employee share plans, HM Revenue and Customs tax-advantaged plans, management incentive plans and growth share and joint ownership plans. Stephen also advises on all related corporate, tax and trusts aspects, corporate governance issues, disclosure of directors' remuneration and share dealing regulations.In addition, Stephen works with companies on the impact that corporate actions have on their incentive arrangements and has acted on many public takeovers, mergers and acquisition, public to private transactions, initial public offerings, capital raising activities and private equity deals.Stephen also advises on contractual disputes and tax investigations relevant to incentives arrangements.Stephen works with a wide range of businesses across several industry sectors, including financial services, natural...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

Popular documents

Using the Judicial College Guidelines to assess general damages in personal injury claims

When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...

Tomlin orders in England and Wales: CPR guidance on drafting, confidentiality, approval, variation, enforcement, limitation, CCA issues, court-specific requirements, sample wording and precedents

This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...

Precedent: Deed of Surrender of Lease with Optional Premium, Settlement and Release, Landlord, Mortgagee and Guarantor Consents, Reimbursement and HM Land Registry Provisions (England and Wales)

Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...

Precedent Statutory Declaration: Standard Wording under the Statutory Declarations Act 1835

I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...