Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Employment tribunal definition

What does Employment tribunal mean? A specialist forum that decides employment disputes between workers and employers, typically statutory claims such as unfair dismissal, discrimination, equal pay, unlawful deduction from wages, breach of contract (on termination), redundancy pay, whistleblowing and working time. In England & Wales and Scotland, Employment Tribunals are statutory bodies established under the Employment Tribunals Act 1996. Procedure is governed by the Employment Tribunals (Constitution and Rules of Procedure) 2013; claims are presented on form ET1 and responses on ET3; most claims must be presented within three months (subject to Acas early conciliation stop-the-clock). Cases are heard by an Employment Judge, sometimes with...

Preparing for Employment Tribunal Final Hearings: Directions, Bundles, Listing, Liability/Remedy, Split Hearings and Covertly Recorded Evidence (England, Wales and Scotland)

Published by a LexisNexis Employment expert

Practice notes

This Practice Note outlines how to get ready for a final tribunal hearing, covering directions, bundles, scheduling of hearings, and when liability and remedy are determined together. It also addresses split hearings and the route for admitting secretly made recordings into evidence.

Directions

In most situations, the tribunal issues directions to the parties about the steps to be taken in advance of the final hearing. This can occur at a preliminary hearing or be provided in writing without a hearing (see Practice Note: employment tribunal case management). For more detail on the types of directions commonly made, see Practice Note: Preliminary hearings in the employment tribunal—Preliminary hearings relating only to general case management orders.

Preparation and exchange of witness statements

It is standard for the tribunal to direct the preparation and exchange of witness statements. Several copies of each statement will be needed at the final hearing. For further guidance, see Practice Note: Witnesses—employment tribunals—Preparation and exchange of witness statements.

Use of written representations

Parties may submit written representations to the tribunal in support of their case if they wish...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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