Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Proxy definition

What does Proxy mean? In practice, a proxy is the person appointed by a shareholder (member) to attend, speak and vote on the member’s behalf at a company general meeting, including an AGM or EGM. Across England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, the Companies Act 2006 gives members a statutory right to appoint a proxy; the Companies Act 2014 provides equivalent rights in Ireland. The appointment is usually made by a proxy form (in hard copy or electronically) lodged by the deadline set by the company’s articles, subject to statutory limits. A proxy need not be a member and is often the chair...

Proxy purchasing of tobacco and nicotine products: offence, defences, enforcement and penalties (England and Wales)

Published by a LexisNexis Corporate Crime expert

Practice notes

In England and Wales, it is unlawful for an adult to purchase, or seek to purchase, tobacco or tobacco‑related goods for someone under the age of 18. This conduct—often called ‘proxy purchasing’—is an offence committed by the adult who makes, or tries to make, the purchase, rather than by the retailer supplying the product...

Separately, a retailer commits a distinct offence if they sell tobacco or nicotine inhaling products to anyone under 18, under section 7 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 (CYPA 1933). For further detail on the prohibition against selling tobacco to under‑18s, see Practice Note: Prohibitions on the sale of tobacco and nicotine inhaling products...

This separate offence forms part of continuing measures to cut the number of children becoming addicted to cigarettes and tobacco. It expressly includes e‑cigarettes and their components, reflecting concerns that increased e‑cigarette use places children at heightened risk of addiction...

Elements of the offence

For the offence to be made out, the individual aged 18 or over must:

buy or attempt

To view the latest version of this document and thousands of others like it, sign-in with LexisNexis or register for a free trial.

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

Popular documents

Using the Judicial College Guidelines to assess general damages in personal injury claims

When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...

Tomlin orders in England and Wales: CPR guidance on drafting, confidentiality, approval, variation, enforcement, limitation, CCA issues, court-specific requirements, sample wording and precedents

This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...

Precedent: Deed of Surrender of Lease with Optional Premium, Settlement and Release, Landlord, Mortgagee and Guarantor Consents, Reimbursement and HM Land Registry Provisions (England and Wales)

Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...

Precedent Statutory Declaration: Standard Wording under the Statutory Declarations Act 1835

I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...