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Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom
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Key definition
Pupil definition

What does Pupil mean? In education law, a pupil is the person for whom education is provided at a school. In England and Wales this meaning is set by statute (Education Act 1996, s. 579) and applies across maintained and independent schools, including nursery and special schools. Scotland adopts a similar statutory definition (Education (Scotland) Act 1980, s. 135), and Northern Ireland uses equivalent wording in education legislation. In Ireland, legislation generally uses student for school settings (Education Act 1998; Education (Welfare) Act 2000), though pupil is commonly used descriptively. The term covers children and young people, typically of compulsory school age, but also older...

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Pupil Premium in England: legal framework, eligibility, grant conditions, publication duties, Ofsted oversight and LAC/VSH funding management

Practice notes
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ARCHIVED: This Practice Note is archived and is not kept up to date.

From April 2011, the coalition government brought in the Pupil Premium as extra funding for Schools and local authorities to boost the attainment of disadvantaged children and, more recently, to support children of parents in the armed forces. The Department for Education provides this via the pupil premium grant (PPG), awarded under section 14 of the Education Act 2002.

  • For maintained schools, including special schools and pupil referral units, and for non-maintained special schools, payments are made to local authorities to distribute to schools in their area.
  • For academies and free schools, funds are paid directly to the schools by the Education Funding Agency.
  • For children currently looked after (LAC), funding is now handled separately and paid to local authorities to be managed by the area’s designated virtual school head (VSH).

DfE publishes online guidance for VSHs on administering Pupil Premium funding, which also covers arrangements for the distinct early years pupil premium.

Calculation of funding

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Chris Barnett
Chris Barnett chambers

Chris was called to the Bar in 2004 and cross-qualified as a solicitor in 2008. From 2008-2015 he was Head of the specialist Education, Disability & Public Law Department at Levenes Solicitors, and joined Match Solicitors as an Associate Solicitor in May 2015. Chris has acted in a number of significant reported cases, including appeals to the Upper Tribunal as well as Judicial Review claims and appeals to the Court of Appeal. He has written and co-written articles published in the Education Law Review, Education Law Association journal Education, Public Law and the Individual, as well as the Education Law Update. Chris has spoken at national conferences and provided training to local authorities and schools on special educational needs and disability discrimination law. Chris is also an Honorary Legal Adviser to national Special Educational Needs advice charity, IPSEA...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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