Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Response definition

What does Response mean? In construction adjudication, a Response is the responding party’s written case answering the Referral Notice. It sets out the defence on the merits, any jurisdictional objections, set-off and counterclaims, and includes supporting evidence (such as contracts, correspondence, witness statements and expert reports). The term is not defined in statute; its use and timing derive from adjudication rules and the adjudicator’s directions, and it is often called a “Response to Referral” or simply a “defence”. Across England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, under the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 (as amended) and the relevant Scheme for Construction Contracts, a...

Live Link Directions in Criminal Courts: Scope, Procedure, Overseas Participation and Public Access (England and Wales)

Published by a LexisNexis Corporate Crime expert

Practice notes

This PrACTice Note outlines how the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (CJA 2003) has broadened the Use of video and audio technology in criminal cases, allowing defendants, witnesses and others to engage in a wide range of hearings. The Lord Chief Justice has issued statutory guidance to assist the criminal courts in understanding when and how live links should be deployed. That guidance (available here) is intended to be read alongside the Criminal Practice Directions 2023 (CrimPD), particularly CrimPD 5.5. For practical advice to ensure remote participation proceeds smoothly, see Practice Note: Practical guide to remote hearings in the criminal courts, as well as Practical tips for remote attendance at criminal hearings—checklist.

What are live links?

Under the CJA 2003, eligible criminal proceedings in England and Wales may use two forms of live link: live video links and live audio links. A judge or magistrate may direct, or permit, an individual to take part in eligible criminal proceedings by means of a live audio link or a live video link. The categories of eligible proceedings are set out in CJA 2003, s 51(3). Live audio links comprise real-time telephone connections or...

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Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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