Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Film definition

What does Film mean? In legal practice, film means any recording from which moving images can be produced, regardless of format (digital files, animation, videotape, cinema prints or online streams). In England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland it is a category of copyright work defined by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; Ireland’s Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000 adopts a broadly consistent definition. The accompanying soundtrack is treated as part of the film, though underlying music, scripts, performances and sound recordings may attract separate copyrights and neighbouring rights. Key legal features and usage: - Authors are generally the producer and principal director...

Intimate image abuse and cyberflashing: OSA 2023 reforms to SOA 2003 (ss 66A–66B), definitions, defences, sentencing, and legacy CJCA 2015 s 33 (England and Wales)

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Practice notes

The Online Safety ACT 2023 (OSA 2023) was brought in to tackle a range of recognised online harms, notably reforming the offence dealing with intimate image abuse and confronting the transmission of unsolicited sexual imagery. For further details on the OSA 2023, see Practice Note: Offences under the Online Safety Act 2023. OSA 2023, s 188 adds a provision to the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (SOA 2003) which, from 31 January 2024, makes it a crime to share or threaten to share intimate photographs or films without consent. This offence is commonly called ‘revenge porn’ and replaces the previous offence of disclosing private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress under section 33 of the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 (CJCA 2015). CJCA 2015, s 33 was repealed on 31 January 2024, but any offences committed before that date can still be prosecuted under that section. For information regarding the offence under CJCA 2015, s 33, see below Distributing sexual photographs or films with the intention to cause distress—the offence under CJCA 2015, s 33. While the offence under CJCA 2015, s 33 focused on distributing sexual images with the intention to cause distress at that time...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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