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United Kingdom
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Key definition
Data protection definition

What does Data protection mean? In legal practice, data protection describes the rules governing how organisations collect, use, share, retain and secure personal data, including employees’ information. In the UK this regime is set by the UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018; in Ireland by the EU GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 (Ireland). The label is descriptive; core concepts (personal data, controller, processor, special category data) and obligations are defined in legislation. In employment, the employer is typically the controller and must identify a lawful basis (for example, contract, legal obligation or legitimate interests) and, for special category data,...

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Archived data subject rights and remedies under the UK Data Protection Act 1998 (pre-GDPR)

Practice notes
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ARCHIVED

This archived Practice Note outlines the Data protection regime prior to 25 May 2018 and records the position under the Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA 1998). It is provided for background purposes only and is not kept up to date.

Changes as a result of the General Data Protection Regulation

The General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (the GDPR), effective from 25 May 2018, brings major revisions to EU and UK data protection law and, from that date, replaces the DPA 1998 and Directive 95/46/EC (the Data Protection Directive). For further details, see Practice Notes: Introduction to the EU GDPR and UK GDPR and Rights of data subjects.

A data subject is a living person who is the subject of Personal data, ie information from which he can be identified. For key definitions under the DPA 1998, see Practice Note: Key definitions under the DPA 1998. For a comprehensive overview of the GDPR bringing together key practical guidance, see: UK data protection law collection.

Right of access to personal data

An individual has the right to be told by a data controller whether they are processing personal data about that individual...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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