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Controls definition What does Controls mean? In practice, controls are the user-facing settings (eg a cookie banner, preference centre or consent management platform) that let individuals accept, reject or later withdraw consent to cookies and similar tracking technologies. The term is descriptive rather than defined in statute, but requirements flow from PECR (UK) and the ePrivacy Regulations 2011 (Ireland), read with the UK GDPR/GDPR standard for consent and regulator guidance (ICO, DPC, EDPB). Key features: - No non-essential cookies before consent; essential cookies only for a service the user requests. - Granular choices by purpose/vendor, with “accept all” and “reject all” presented with equal prominence; no...
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Ofgem’s RIIO-2 framework and determinations for Great Britain energy networks: outputs, incentives, uncertainty mechanisms, financing, net zero innovation, and CMA licence modification appeals
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Practice notes
Introduction and background
This Practice Note summarises the ‘RIIO‑2’ price controls for great britain’s energy networks, which took effect on 1 April 2021 for gas distribution, gas and electricity transmission, and the Electricity system operator (ESO). It will be updated as the position develops. RIIO (Revenues = Incentives + Innovation + Outputs) is the methodology used by the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (ofgem) to set the prices that Great Britain’s licensed onshore energy network owners and operators may charge for use of the electricity and gas transmission networks. In the first instance, network companies recover these charges from licensed suppliers and from generators/gas shippers (under the Connection and Use of System Code, the Distribution Connection and Use of System Agreement, and the Uniform Network Code). Ultimately, the costs are passed through to customers on energy supply bills, where they account for a significant share. For an introduction to the legal basis of energy network company price control in Great Britain, see Practice Note: The regulation of charging (‘price control’) by Great Britain’s electricity and gas network companies.
Background to the RIIO-2 price controls
Ofgem first developed...
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Web page updated on 21/05/2026
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