Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

EC definition

What does EC mean? In legal practice, “EC” is used as shorthand for two distinct concepts: 1. European Commission: The executive arm of the European Union. While “EC” is not a defined statutory term, the Commission is established by the EU Treaties. UK and Irish lawyers encounter “EC” in EU law and competition law materials, case citations, merger control decisions, and references to pre‑Lisbon instruments titled “Regulation (EC) No …”. Post‑Brexit, the term persists in retained EU law, parallel UK/EU investigations, and cross‑border regulatory matters. 2. Emergency controller: A role title found in emergency planning and health and safety practice (for example, COMAH sites, construction...

Rome I (UK): General Provisions on Applicable Law for Contracts Entered Into 17 December 2009–31 December 2020 (Articles 9–22)

Published by a LexisNexis Dispute Resolution expert

Practice notes

Practice Note

This Practice Note assists with identifying the governing law where a contract was concluded between 17 December 2009 and before 1 January 2021. For contracts made on other dates, the UK courts will apply a different applicable law regime. The regime that applies turns on the date the contract was entered into. For direction, see Practice Note: Applicable law regimes. This Practice Note reviews the general provisions in Regulation (EC) 593/2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I). It addresses:

Overriding mandatory provisions (Article 9)
consent and material validity (Article 10)
Formal validity (Article 11)
Scope of the law applicable (Article 12)
Incapacity (Article 13)
Voluntary assignment/contractual subrogations (Article 14)
Legal subrogation (Article 15)
Multiple liabilities (Article 16)
Set-off (Article 17)
Burden of proof (Article 18)
Habitual residence (Article 19)
Exclusion of renvoi (Article 20)
Public policy (Article 21)

For additional aspects of the Regulation, see Practice Note: Applicable law—a guide for dispute resolution practitioners...

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Angharad Parry , KC

Twenty Essex

Angharad Parry specialises in advisory and advocacy work in a wide range of commercial disputes with a special focus on private international law issues/conflict of laws, sale of goods and commodities, energy and natural resources, off-shore, projects and heavy industry, carriage of goods, shipping and public international law work (particularly involving contracts between states and private entities). In addition to court work, she has extensive experience in arbitration, particularly before the ICC and LCIA. Angharad has also been involved in court proceedings, ancillary to arbitration, with a recent appearance before the Court of Appeal in the seminal case of Integral Petroleum Ltd v Melars Group Ltd (2016) EWCA Civ 108. She has also been involved in numerous proceedings with multi-jurisdictional elements.Angharad is recommended by The Legal 500 (2012 and 2013) as a "Leading Junior" in the field of Commercial...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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