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Rome II special rules on applicable law for product liability, competition, environmental damage, intellectual property, industrial action, unjust enrichment, negotiorum gestio, culpa in contrahendo and insurer liability

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Practice notes
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Practice Note

This Practice Note assists with identifying the applicable law for harmful events occurring on or after 1 January 2009.

It outlines the special rules for particular heads of claim under Regulation (EC) 864/2007 on the law governing non-contractual obligations (Rome II). These include product liability, unfair competition and restraints on free competition, environmental harm, intellectual property (IP) rights, industrial action, unjust enrichment, negotiorum gestio (agency without authority), culpa in contrahendo (fault in forming a contract), and insurance.

See also the Practice Notes: Rome II—scope, exclusions and general provisions, and Rome II—the general rule and its displacement. For UK application, consult Determining applicable law in non-contractual disputes—overview.

Aids to interpretation

  • judgments of the Court of Justice
  • recitals at the start of Regulation (EC) 864/2007 (Rome II), offering explanations and additional information such as definitions; where uncertain, the relevant Article prevails over the recitals
  • the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament...
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Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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