Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Sanctions definition

What does Sanctions mean? Sanctions are the penalties or procedural consequences a court imposes in civil litigation when a party fails to comply with procedural rules, practice directions or court orders. Common sanctions include striking out or dismissing a claim or defence, debarring a party from relying on evidence or experts, costs orders (including indemnity or wasted costs), stays, unless orders with automatic strike-out on non-compliance, and, in serious cases, contempt remedies. In England and Wales, sanctions are imposed under the Civil Procedure Rules (for example CPR r.3.1, r.3.4, r.3.5, r.32.10 and r.3.14). A party may seek relief from sanctions under CPR r.3.9,...

Archived: Enforcement and sanctions under the UK Data Protection Act 1998—ICO powers, notices, monetary penalties, offences, warrants and appeals to the First-tier Tribunal (Information Rights)

Published by a LexisNexis Information Law expert

Practice notes

ARCHIVED: This archived Practice Note outlines the Data protection framework prior to 25 May 2018 and reflects the position under the Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA 1998). It is provided for background reference only and is not maintained.

Information Commissioner

Under the DPA 1998, the Information Commissioner and officials at the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) are responsible for Enforcement. The Commissioner reports directly to Parliament.

promote sound practice and compliance with the DPA 1998 by data controllers
publish information and provide advice
produce codes of practice
international co-operation:
- with the European Commission and supervisory authorities in other European Economic Area (EEA) states
- in respect of the United Kingdom’s international obligations
- concerning the Council of Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data

The ICO has issued a guide to data protection to support data controllers. The ICO website also provides numerous topic-specific guides, including on closed-circuit television (CCTV) use, data sharing, and data protection principles relevant to employment relationships. In the performance of their enforcement...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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