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United Kingdom
Key definition
EEA definition

What does EEA mean? In legal practice, EEA refers to the European Economic Area: the single‑market bloc comprising all EU Member States together with the EFTA States Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway (Switzerland is not part of the EEA). The term appears in specific UK and Irish legislation and EU instruments, and is also used descriptively to identify the states to which single‑market rights and obligations (free movement of goods, services, persons and capital) apply. Post‑Brexit, the UK is not an EEA State. In UK legislation, some pre‑exit references to the EEA have been saved or modified by EU exit regulations, so practitioners should check the...

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SAP on‑premises ERP aftermarket support: European Commission Article 102 TFEU investigation, preliminary concerns and market‑tested commitments (AT.40823)

Practice notes
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Case facts

Outline

European Commission Article 102 TFEU probe into SAP’s maintenance and support practices for its on‑premises Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software (AT.40823).

Latest development

On 14 November 2025, the Commission opened a market test concerning commitments put forward by SAP.

Parties

  • SAP: SAP, a Germany‑based company, builds software applications that help businesses run their operations. This includes ERP systems supporting functions such as corporate finance, human resources and project management. SAP’s ERP can be deployed on‑premises—running on the customer’s own servers—or in the cloud—hosted on SAP’s servers and delivered over the internet. SAP also offers maintenance and support for its ERP, including regular updates and technical assistance to keep business customers’ systems working. Other providers also supply maintenance and support for SAP’s on‑premises ERP, competing with SAP, often on more favourable commercial conditions (ie price).

Background

On 25 September 2025, the Commission opened its investigation. On the same day, it issued a preliminary assessment outlining the main facts of the case and...

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Web page updated on 27/05/2026

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