Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Investors definition

What does Investors mean? In private equity practice, investors are the persons or entities that commit capital to a fund in return for economic returns and contractual rights under the fund documents. In the UK and Ireland, private equity funds are commonly structured as English or Scottish limited partnerships or the Irish ILP; investors typically participate as limited partners (LPs). Investors are mainly institutional: occupational pension schemes, insurance companies, sovereign wealth funds, funds of funds, and university or charitable endowments. High‑net‑worth individuals and family offices also invest, often via feeder, nominee or aggregator vehicles. Some may make co‑investments alongside the fund. The term...

Saudi Arabia FDI review under the Investment Law 2024: scope, MISA approvals for excluded activities, negative list, interplay with merger control, and pending Executive Regulations

Published by a LexisNexis Competition expert

Practice notes

1. What is the applicable legislation?

On 11 August 2025, Saudi lawmakers promulgated the Saudi Investment Law 2024. It took effect on 7 February 2025, superseding Royal Decree M1/1421H on Foreign Investment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (the Foreign Investment Law 2000). Unlike the 2000 law, which applied solely to foreign investment, the 2024 statute governs investment by both foreign and domestic Investors across the Kingdom. The Executive Regulations to the 2024 law have not yet been issued, so uncertainties remain over how the FDI framework it creates will operate in practice. Under the Foreign Investment Law, Saudi Arabia followed a traditional FDI model, largely using sector-specific incentives while restricting or barring foreign participation in other areas to guide inflows. The 2024 law contains wording that could support an FDI screening mechanism comparable to those used in the US or Europe and implemented in Saudi Arabia. Yet the supplementary instruments needed to authorise and administer such screening are still awaited. As a result, it is presently unclear whether the 2024 law will deliver an effective FDI review process in Saudi Arabia.

2. Which...

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Dr. Nicolas Bremer

BREMER

Nicolas is a partner and attorney with the regional law firm BREMER where he heads the firm's Antitrust & Merger Control and Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) teams. He oversees the firm's Riyadh and Cairo representations and has extensive experience in advising international and domestic clients on merger control and antitrust matters as well as mergers and acquisitions and joint venture transactions in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt and the wider Near and Middle East. He works in English, Arabic and German language. Prior to joining BREMER Dr. Bremer worked for different international law firms in Berlin, Cairo, Dubai and London. He holds a PhD, which he obtained working on the regulation of large-scale fresh water development in the Near and Middle East under international and domestic law. Dr. Bremer frequently publishes on the law of the Near and Middle East and...

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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