What does Spectrum mean? In legal and finance practice, Spectrum refers to National Westminster Bank plc v Spectrum Plus Ltd [2005] 4 All ER 209, the leading House of Lords decision on characterising security over receivables (book debts). It confirms that labelling a charge as “fixed” is not determinative: a fixed charge requires the secured creditor to exercise real control over both the debts and their proceeds, typically by requiring payment into a blocked account from which the chargor cannot withdraw without consent. If the chargor may pay into an ordinary account and use the funds in the ordinary course, the security is a...
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The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No 6 and Transitional and Saving Provisions) Regulations 2026, SI 2026/82 bring into effect the outstanding provisions of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (DUAA 2025). Measures concerning subject access requests, legitimate interests, purpose limitation, automated decision-making, international transfers and enforcement take effect on 5 February 2026, with provisions on penalty notices and complaints commencing on 19 June 2026. For further details, consult Practice Note: Data (Use and Access) Act 2025—employment implications. This Practice Note will be revised shortly to reflect these changes.
The selection process starts with shortlisting or screening applications to decide which candidates should proceed to the next phase of recruitment, typically interviews. Up to that point, recruitment focuses on attracting applications from the widest possible pool. During shortlisting, less suitable candidates are filtered by aligning each applicant's skills and experience with the job description and person specification, thereby narrowing the field so that, after interview, the most suitable candidate can be offered the role...
When evaluating a general damages claim, the practitioner ought initially to refer to the Judicial College Guidelines (JCG)...
This Practice Note This Practice Note reviews mechanisms used in settling litigation. A Tomlin order consists of a consent order paired with a schedule. It operates to stay proceedings on terms that have been agreed. The provisions contained in the schedule may remain confidential. This Practice Note describes the scope of confidentiality attaching to the schedule and sets out how it differs from a standard consent order. Sample wording for a Tomlin order is included, alongside links to precedents, as well as guidance on court approval. It also addresses varying, setting aside and enforcing a Tomlin order, including the considerations the court will take into account when handling applications for each. Further guidance is provided on interpreting and applying the relevant provisions of the CPR; however, some courts and divisions impose very specific requirements for both drafting and approval, and for approaching the schedule and confidentiality issues. Accordingly, you must consider the particular rules and court guide provisions in the forum where your claim is proceeding when drawing up the Tomlin order...
Date [ date ] Parties [ name of Landlord ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Landlord) [ name of Tenant ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Tenant) [ [ name of Guarantor ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Guarantor) ] [ [ name of Mortgagee ] [ of OR incorporated in England and Wales (company registration number [ number ]) with its registered office at ] [ address ] (Mortgagee) ] Definitions Within this Deed, the terms below shall be interpreted as follows: [ Annual Rent • the annual sum reserved under the Lease; ] [ Insurance Rent • the Tenant’s share of the Landlord’s costs of insuring the Property (as set out in the Lease); ] Lease • the lease of the Property dated [ date ], entered into between (1) [ the Landlord OR [ name ...
I, [ name ], of [ address ], solemnly and sincerely state that: [ Matters to be verified, set out in numbered paragraphs ] I make this solemn statement in good conscience, believing it to be true, and pursuant to the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835. DECLARED at [ details ] this [ day ] day of [ month and year ] Before me ................................................................................ [ signature of the person before whom the declaration is made ] A [ commissioner for oaths OR [ solicitor OR [ insert other qualification ] ] authorised to administer oaths ]...