Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Related legal acts

Key definition

Data definition

What does Data mean? In legal practice, data describes information recorded in any form—especially electronically stored information (ESI)—organised or capable of being organised for a particular purpose, and capable of being processed or transmitted. It covers structured and unstructured material such as database entries, spreadsheets, emails and messaging content, documents, images, audio/video, metadata, system logs, backups and cloud-stored content. Data is not defined in the Civil Procedure Rules of England and Wales (nor generally in equivalent court rules), which instead use the broad concept of a document as anything in which information is recorded, encompassing electronic data and metadata. Statutes define data contextually: UK GDPR...

Sentencing individuals for food safety and hygiene offences in England and Wales: Sentencing Council’s nine-step guideline—culpability/harm, fines, custody, guilty pleas, compensation and ancillary orders, totality

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Practice notes

Practice Note

This Practice Note considers those elements of the Sentencing Council’s offence‑specific guidelines that are relied upon by the magistrates’ courts and Crown Courts in England and Wales when imposing sentence upon individuals for food safety and food hygiene offences. By virtue of section 59 of the Sentencing Act 2020 (SA 2020) (the Sentencing Code), courts are required to apply Sentencing Council guidelines when sentencing an offender unless satisfied that doing so would be contrary to the interests of justice. The Sentencing Council has issued offence‑specific guidelines for food safety and hygiene offences. Distinct guidelines govern the sentencing of organisations for such offences, see Practice Note: Sentencing organisations for food safety and food hygiene offences. The Sentencing Council also produces a broad range of overarching guidelines, which ought to be taken into account for all sentencing exercises by the courts, see Practice Note: Sentences imposed following conviction. Among these, the General guideline—overarching principles (the General guideline) is intended to be used alongside offence‑specific guidelines and addresses seriousness while also offering expanded explanations for aggravating and mitigating factors, culpability and harm, see Practice Note: Sentencing Council General Guideline—overarching principles—Using the General Guideline in conjunction with offence‑specific definitive guidelines. See further, Practice...

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Saba Naqshbandi

3 Raymond Buildings

Saba Naqshbandi KC is a leading specialist in health and safety, public inquiries and inquests, environmental and financial crime. She is known for her strategic, commercially focused approach and her outstanding written and oral advocacy.In her first year as King’s Counsel, Saba was named Chambers and Partners Health & Safety Silk of the Year 2025, a reflection of her renowned expertise. She is consistently recommended in the legal directories as a top-tier practitioner in health and safety, public inquiries and inquests, financial crime, and licensing....

Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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