Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Radiation definition

What does Radiation mean? In legal practice, radiation describes energy emitted as waves or particles that can expose workers, the public, or the environment, triggering health and safety and environmental permitting obligations. The term is commonly used to mean ionising radiation (from radioactive substances, x‑rays, nuclear sites), unless non‑ionising radiation (such as electromagnetic fields, ultraviolet light, or lasers) is expressly intended. Ionising radiation and exposure are defined and controlled in legislation, including the Ionising Radiations Regulations 2017 in Great Britain, parallel regulations in Northern Ireland, and Irish regulations implementing the EU Basic Safety Standards. Typical legal requirements include risk assessment, dose limits, keeping exposures as...

Solar thermal technology for buildings in the UK: components, performance, feasibility, planning, economics and incentives

Published by a LexisNexis Energy expert

Practice notes

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What is solar thermal?

Solar thermal describes collectors that capture the sun’s energy to produce hot water. Collectors are most commonly fitted to roofs, but they can also be placed on the ground, mounted on walls, or integrated within building components, i.e. shading devices, canopies, and similar elements. The heat produced is primarily used for domestic hot water and can also contribute to heating or provide warm air for buildings. It may additionally heat or pre-heat water for industrial processes, supply warm water for swimming pools, and drive a particular type of chiller for air conditioning. In the UK, given the available solar Radiation (with a maximum of about 1 kW/m2) and its seasonal Variation, solar systems cannot meet a building’s entire hot water demand at a viable cost. Consequently, storage buffers or supplementary heating systems are often needed. Solar thermal systems are regarded as Zero carbon, although a small amount of electricity is required to run pumps, fans and/or control systems...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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