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Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom
Key definition
Investments definition

What does Investments mean? In practice, investments are financial products or rights acquired with the expectation of income or capital growth, such as shares, bonds, fund units and derivatives. In UK financial services law, however, the regulated concept is “specified investments” under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001 (SI 2001/544) (RAO). This defined list includes, among others, shares, debentures and loan stock, government and public securities, warrants, units in a collective investment scheme, options and futures, contracts for differences, and rights under a contract of insurance. Whether a firm must be authorised, may communicate financial promotions, or owes particular...

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Spain FDI Screening Regime: Practitioner Guide to Act 19/2003 and Royal Decree 571/2023 covering Scope, Thresholds, Procedures, Exemptions, Standstill, Penalties, EU Cooperation and 2024-2026 Developments

Practice notes
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1. What is the applicable legislation?

Control of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Spain is primarily governed by:

  • Spanish Act 19/2003 on the legal regime of capital movements and economic transactions abroad (Act 19/2003) (Ley 19/2003, de 4 de julio, sobre régimen jurídico de los movimientos de capitales y de las transacciones económicas con el exterior y sobre determinadas medidas de prevención del blanqueo de capitales); and
  • Royal Decree 571/2023 of 4 July 2023 on foreign Investments (Real Decreto 571/2023, de 4 de julio de 2023, sobre inversiones exteriores), in force from 1 September 2023, which develops the FDI regimes in Spain.

2. Which government or other body (or bodies) reviews foreign investments?

Under Spain’s FDI regime, procedures are generally overseen by the Directorate General for International Trade and Investments (Subdirectorate of Foreign Investments) of the Ministry for Economy, Trade and Enterprise, together with the Ministry of Defence. These authorities examine the submissions and issue a proposal to the Council of Ministers. In these cases, the Council of Ministers takes the final decision on the deal. Filings on transactions for amounts...

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Web page updated on 21/05/2026

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