Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Renewable energy definition

What does Renewable energy mean? In legal practice, renewable energy describes electricity or heat generated from naturally replenishing sources on a human timescale, and the term appears across energy regulation, planning, environmental and finance documents. It is a descriptive expression, with statutory wording varying by regime. In Great Britain and Northern Ireland, legislation commonly refers to “renewable sources”, typically defined for support schemes (for example the Renewables Obligation and successor arrangements) as sources of energy other than fossil or nuclear fuels; this can include the biogenic fraction of waste. In Ireland, usage follows the EU Renewable Energy Directive, which defines energy from renewable sources to include...

Structuring and Financing Hydropower Projects: Types, Construction and Hydrology Risks, Environmental and Social Due Diligence, PPAs, Lender Requirements and Market Trends

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Practice notes

Overview

Rain that falls, along with other forms of water, is intercepted as it travels through the hydrological cycle and put to work to produce electricity for consumption. This can be realised in a number of distinct ways, for example by tapping a river’s inherent force as it drops from upland terrain down to sea level across distance and gradient, or by building a dam and reservoir; in both arrangements, purpose-built, appropriately installed turbines and generators serve as the means of converting energy into power. Because water is not a finite global commodity and is not consumed while energy is produced as it moves downstream, hydropower is classed as Renewable energy. Owing to fluctuations in seasonal flows, water Availability, and landscape and geography by specific location, however, hydropower can be difficult to rely on as dependable baseload supply for the grid, and more often augments other national renewable generation as a ‘top-up’, providing additional supply into the grid when those sources, due to intermittency, fall short of prevailing demand Requirements.

History and growth of hydropower

Hydropower ranks among the earliest renewable technologies, with the first recorded advances originating in China during the Han Dynasty period, notably between 202 BC and...

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Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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