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Higher education definition

What does Higher education mean? In legal practice, higher education describes post-secondary study and research delivered by universities and other recognised providers, ordinarily leading to a degree or an equivalent qualification. The expression is used across contracts, regulation and litigation, and is also given statutory meaning in specific contexts (for example, the Further and Higher Education Acts and HERA 2017 in England and Wales; the Scottish further and higher education legislation; Northern Ireland education orders; and, in Ireland, the Universities Act 1997 and the 2012 QQI Act). Typical legal markers are: courses at RQF level 4+ (E&W/NI), SCQF level 7+ (Scotland) or NFQ levels 6–10 (Ireland); awards...

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Student Complaints in Higher Education: OfS Requirements, Internal Procedures, the OIA Scheme and Judicial Review in England and Wales

Practice notes
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Internal complaints

All higher education providers are required to operate a complaints process that students, dissatisfied with a provider’s actions or failures to act, can use. This core element of sound corporate governance is embedded within standards set by:

  • the Higher Education Code of Corporate Governance
  • the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) in the UK Quality Code
  • the initial and ongoing registration requirements of the Office for Students (OfS)

What is the UK Quality Code?

The UK Quality Code is a sector-devised framework for safeguarding quality in higher education delivery, and it underpins the quality assurance and assessment work expected of, or carried out by, various bodies concerned with higher education, including:

  • the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE), replaced by UK Research and Innovation and OfS from August 2019
  • UK Research and Innovation
  • OfS
  • the Department for Education as part of assessments for designation for student support
  • Tier 4 sponsorship status for immigration purposes

Chapter B9 of the UK Quality Code provides that higher education providers should have arrangements for managing academic appeals and student complaints about the quality of learning opportunities; these procedures...

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Web page updated on 26/05/2026

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