Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

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Key definition

Data definition

What does Data mean? In legal practice, data describes information recorded in any form—especially electronically stored information (ESI)—organised or capable of being organised for a particular purpose, and capable of being processed or transmitted. It covers structured and unstructured material such as database entries, spreadsheets, emails and messaging content, documents, images, audio/video, metadata, system logs, backups and cloud-stored content. Data is not defined in the Civil Procedure Rules of England and Wales (nor generally in equivalent court rules), which instead use the broad concept of a document as anything in which information is recorded, encompassing electronic data and metadata. Statutes define data contextually: UK GDPR...

Subject access request exemptions under the UK Data Protection Act 1998: archived pre‑GDPR Practice Note with ICO guidance

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Practice notes

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ARCHIVED:

This archived Practice Note outlines the Data protection framework in force prior to 25 May 2018 and describes the position under the Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA 1998). It is supplied for background purposes only and is no longer updated. Sections 7 and 8 of the DPA 1998 define a Data Subject’s right to obtain access to personal Data held by a data controller. A request for such information is called a subject access request, often abbreviated to ‘SAR’ or ‘DSAR’. When responding to any SAR, the first step is to verify that the requester has satisfied the relevant procedural requirements. For further detail, see Practice Note: Subject access requests under the DPA 1998. This Practice Note considers the narrow exemptions within the DPA 1998 that allow a data controller to refuse disclosure of personal data to a data subject who has made a data SAR...

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Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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