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United Kingdom
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UK telecoms security: providers' duties under the Telecommunications (Security) Act 2021, Electronic Communications (Security Measures) Regulations 2022 and Code of Practice; Ofcom enforcement, tiering, supply chains and NIS overlap

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Practice notes
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This Practice Note offers practical guidance on the security duties that apply to communications providers in the UK. It covers the Telecommunications (Security) Act 2021 (T(S)A 2021), secondary legislation such as the Electronic Communications (Security Measures) Regulations 2022 (the Security Regulations), SI 2022/933, and the Telecommunications Security Code of Practice. It also outlines Ofcom’s role in supervising and enforcing these obligations. For a broader overview of the UK regulatory landscape, see Practice Note: The UK regulatory framework for telecommunications.

Background and legislative framework

T(S)A 2021 establishes the mechanism for the UK’s telecoms security regime. Using powers under that Act, the government may make regulations imposing targeted security requirements on providers of public electronic communications networks (ECNs) and public electronic communications services (ECSs). In essence, those duties require providers to:

  • reduce the likelihood of security compromises; and
  • prepare for their potential occurrence.

The drive for stronger security standards followed several government reviews, including:

  • the Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy; and
  • the Telecoms Supply Chain Review.

These reviews recognised the growing reliance on ECNs and ECSs and the need to shield them from cyber attackers. Subsequent to the...

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Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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