Jurisdiction(s):
United Kingdom

Key definition

Spectrum definition

What does Spectrum mean? In legal and finance practice, Spectrum refers to National Westminster Bank plc v Spectrum Plus Ltd [2005] 4 All ER 209, the leading House of Lords decision on characterising security over receivables (book debts). It confirms that labelling a charge as “fixed” is not determinative: a fixed charge requires the secured creditor to exercise real control over both the debts and their proceeds, typically by requiring payment into a blocked account from which the chargor cannot withdraw without consent. If the chargor may pay into an ordinary account and use the funds in the ordinary course, the security is a...

UK wireless telecoms guide for commercial lawyers: mobile networks (2G-5G), satellite, Wi-Fi, WiMAX and LPWAN essentials

Published by a LexisNexis TMT expert

Practice notes

Mobile networks

This Practice Note delivers a concise, quick-reference overview of the wireless telecoms sector for commercial lawyers. Mobile electronic communications networks are commonly called cellular networks because they consist of a mosaic of cells, arranged to let the network exploit its allocated frequency spectrum with maximum efficiency. A cell is the coverage area served by a base station (BS), and neighbouring cells operate on different frequencies to reduce channel interference. In rural locations, cells span wider areas than in dense urban settings, where additional capacity is needed.

GSM networks

global system for mobile communications (GSM—so named as a backronym, the original title being Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most widespread network standard. GSM is regarded as 2G (second generation, with the first generation being analogue mobile networks). 2G has evolved from the platform first rolled out in 1991, through the arrival of the packet data capability, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), in 1997 (therefore 2.5G), and further with higher packet data rates from 1999 via the Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) standard (therefore 2.75G, though at times described as a 3G technology—see below). GPRS supports data transmission at typical, sustained and peak mobile data rates starting from...

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Andrew Sharpe

Orange Business Services

Andrew Sharpe is Legal Counsel for Europe at Orange Business Services. Previously he was Head of LexisPSL Commercial. He has particular experience in the technology, media and telecommunications sectors. He regularly lectures on data protection, freedom of information and various IT and telecommunications regulatory issues. He qualified at Taylor Wessing in 1999, and spent time at Clifford Chance and Blake Lapthorn before joining Charles Russell. He was a partner at Charles Russell from 2007.He co-authored a chapter in the Freedom of Information Handbook (second edition, 2008) as well as two chapters in the Commercial Law Handbook (2009) published by the Law Society. He contributed a chapter to the third edition of Telecommunications Law and Regulation in 2009. He is a regular contributor of articles to Privacy and Data Protection Journal, Freedom of Information Journal and Computer Law & Security Report....

Web page updated on 22/05/2026

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